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Vol. 20 (2017 year), No. 1, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2017-20-1/1
Kozlov N. E., Fomina E. N., Martynov E. V., Sorokhtin N. O., Marchuk T. S.
On reasons of specific composition of the Keivy domain rocks (the Kola Peninsula)
The Keivy domain differs from the other structures of the Kola region by the specific composition of the metamorphic complexes, the presence of the oldest for the region alkaline granites and gabbroanorthosites associated with them as well as by the presence of unique mineral deposits. The previous studies of the Keivy structure showed that within this structure there are metasedimentary formations that differ from both Early Precambrian metasedimentary rock associations of the Kola region and Phanerozoic sedimentary complexes in the content of titanium and the ratio Al2O3/SiO2. The present study confirms the correctness of this conclusion. The authors have attempted the search of the generalized indicator (trend) describing the nature of changes in the chemical composition of rocks in the transition from Low-Ti to High-Ti varieties of rocks (with simultaneous increase in the ratio Al2O3/SiO2). To solve this problem the method of search of differences in the specified number of sets has been used with the partial order relation introduced by the researcher. The formations of the same type and age, namely metapelites of the Chervurtskaya suite of the Keivy series, have been chosen as the informational basis. Such indicator has been found. It describes the process which besides a significant titanium input was accompanied by a simultaneous increase in the content of CaO and decrease in the content of Al2O3, ?Fe, and Na2O. It must be emphasized that the obtained trend is not related to the supergene processes characterized by the similar behavior of titanium with aluminum and iron which is especially clearly exhibited in the formation of crusts of weathering. The location on this generalized indicator of the points of rock compositions of all strata of the geological section of the Keivy domain taken far or close to alkaline granites corresponds to the position of less or more titaniferous rocks, thus confirming the assumption of a metasomatic alteration of the latter. The fact that all the metasedimentary Keivy formations are subjected to metasomatic alteration most probably related to the Archean complexes of alkaline granites, which is confirmed by direct geological observations of the relationships of the Lebyazhinskiye and Chervurtskiye rock complexes with alkaline granites, allows us to speak about their Archean age.
(in Russian, стр.12, fig. 4, tables. 1, ref 29, Adobe PDF, Adobe PDF 0 Kb)
Vol. 20 (2017 year), No. 1, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2017-20-1/1
Fomina E. N., Kozlov E. N., Lokhova O. V., Lokhov K. I.
Graphite as an indicator of contact influence of Western Keivy
alkaline granite intrusion, the Kola Peninsula
The results of complex petro-mineragraphic, Raman and isotope-geochemical study of three types of graphitebearing rocks circulated at different distances from the alkaline granites: (1) kyanite schists of Bolshiye Keivy, sampled at a considerable distance from a contact with alkaline granites; (2) sillimanite schists, sampled close to the contact, and (3) silexites, located in the inner part of the alkaline granite massif Western Keivy have been presented. Five morphogenetic types of graphite have been revealed in the rocks under consideration: finegrained Gr-1, intergranular Gr-2, nest-shaped Gr-3, vein Gr-4 and spherulitic Gr-5. Current study demonstrates that these five types of graphite distinctly vary not only in morphology, but also in temperature of crystallization, as determined by RSCM-Raman geothermometer, and in carbon isotope composition. The most likely source for the anomalous "light" graphite Gr-1 and Gr-2 [?13C(PDB) = ?43…?45 ‰] from kyanite schists is a watermethane fluid originating from sedimentary rocks with organic compounds. The carbon of graphite Gr-5 of the silexites selected at the inner part of alkaline granite massif Western Keivy, on the contrary, proved to be most "heavy" [?13C(PDB) = ?8 ‰], which indicates its origin from the lower crustal or mantle carbon dioxide fluid. Thus, carbon extracted into the rocks of Keivy structure from at least two contrasting isotope sources. Graphite Gr-3, that makes up the bulk of graphite of exocontact sillimanite schists, is also isotopically light, but not anomalously [?13C(PDB) = ?17…?28 ‰]. The crystallization temperature of the given graphite (435?520 ?C), and its structural relationships with other minerals of the rock evidence of its synmetamorphic origin. The presence of veinlets of isotopically heavy [?13C(PDB) = ?10 ‰…?11 ‰] high-temperature (570?670 ?C) graphite intersecting minerals of the metamorphic paragenesis (including Gr-3) indicates that the introduction of the granites occurred into the previously metamorphosed strata and was accompanied by thermal and fluid influence on these strata.
(in Russian, стр.11, fig. 7, tables. 0, ref 17, Adobe PDF, Adobe PDF 0 Kb)
Vol. 21 (2018 year), No. 1, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2018-21-1
Kozlov E. N., Fomina E. N., Sidorov M. Yu., Kirkin V. V.
Genesis of apocarbonatitic titanium metasomatites of the Petyayan-vara rare-earth occurrence (Vuoriyarvi, the Kola Region)
The objects of the study are apocarbonatitic titanium metasomatites ("titanium carbonatites") associated with the rare earth carbonatites of the Petyayan-Vara area of the Vuoriyarvi complex (the Kola region). In this paper, the following mechanism for the formation of these rocks has been substantiated based on the agreed results of mineralogical and geochemical studies. Prior to the onset of carbonatite genesis, a fluorine-enriched fluid phase originated in the lower horizons of the complex passed along the deep-permeating fracture system of several hundred meters length up to the level of the modern erosion surface. It transported Al, Fe2+, Mg, Ti, P into the pyroxenites and Si, Ca and Na out of them, as a result of which the pyroxenites were transformed into giant-grained phlogopite rocks – glimmerites. The most probable source of this fluid is alkaline aluminosilicate magma. Then carbonate melts intruded along the same fractures. In the course of carbonatite genesis, F-fluid caused a local migration of K, Al, Si, Fe, P, Ti, Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf and HREE out of glimmerites into igneous dolomite carbonatites, which led to the formation of apocarbonatitic titanium metasomatites. They represent several paragenetic associations superimposed on each other, the mineral composition and the formation sequence of which correspond to the metasomatic column zones directly observed within the contact "carbonatite – altered pyroxenite". The separation of HFSE and REE is controlled by the same metasomatic column: Ti, Nb and Ta were accumulated in titanium carbonatites, i. e. in associations of the frontal and intermediate zones, and Zr, Hf and HREE – in apatitized fields corresponding to the rear zone of the column. Accordingly, the fractionation of these elements occurred due to the "fluid – rock" interaction. Subsequently, the same long-lived fractures served as a channel for REE-Sr-Ba-S fluids, but the recrystallization caused by K-Al-Si-Ti-F-metasomatism made titanium carbonatites dense and fine-grained in texture, what, in most cases, "protected" these rocks from the influences of later processes.
(in Russian, стр.13, fig. 5, tables. 0, ref 26, adobe PDF, adobe PDF 0 Kb)
Vol. 24 (2021 year), No. 1, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-1
M. Yu. Sidorov, Kozlov E. N., Fomina E. N.
Geology, petrography and mineralogy of explosive breccias of Sallanlatva, Kola Region
The Sallanlatva massif belongs to the group of Paleozoic alkaline-ultrabasic complexes wide spread in the Kola Region (the northwestern part of the Fennoscandian Shield). In the central part of this massif, the host ijolite and urtites contain calcite, ankerite, ankerite-dolomite and siderite carbonatites. The explosive processes that led to the formation of carbonatite breccias in the calcite and ankerite-dolomite carbonatites occurred in Sallanlatva massife in the last stages of the carbonatite magmatism. There are two types of explosive carbonatite breccias in the Sallanlatva massif: (1) glimmerite-calciocarbonatite breccias, and (2) siderite-dolomite breccias. Analysis of the mineral composition of fragments and matrix and the shape of fragments in breccias has shown that the first material to intrude into the host calcite and ankerite-dolomite carbonatites was calcite melt. After that, dolomite melt penetrated through the fracture zones, which resulted in the formation of siderite-dolomite breccias. The differences in the mineral composition of the breccia matrix suggest that the residual carbonatite melts originate from separate magma chambers. The chamber with calcite melt was located at great depth, and some captured glimmerite fragments were abraded during the melt upwelling. Silicate-dolomite melts lifted from a shallower depth; the captured fragments of siderite carbonatites retained their angular shape. Late hydrothermal processes yielded veins and caverns with Ba-Sr-P-S-Ti-REE mineralization in the breccias and host rocks.
(in Russian, стр.9, fig. 4, tables. 1, ref 21, AdobePDF, AdobePDF 0 Kb)